Dark spots on melanin-rich skin are tricky because aggressive treatments (high % hydroquinone, strong lasers) can cause paradoxical darkening. Here is the safe protocol: Sunscreen. Non-negotiable. SPF 50, zinc oxide or iron oxides (tinted sunscreens are best because they block visible light). Without sunscreen, nothing else works. Second: Tyrosinase inhibitors. These block the enzyme that makes melanin. Safe options: Azelaic acid (15-20%), Kojic acid, Tranexamic acid, or Niacinamide. These are gentle. Third: Retinoids (adapalene or tretinoin) speed up cell turnover to shed the dark cells. Fourth: Chemical peels (mandelic or lactic acid) done by a professional. Avoid hydroquinone for more than 3 months. Avoid fraxel lasers unless the doctor is experienced with dark skin. Be patient. Fading takes 3-6 months.